Bronchodilators:
These are the cornerstone of COPD therapy, relaxing the muscles around the airways to open them up.

Beta2-Agonists (e.g., albuterol, salmeterol): Relax the muscles around the airways.

Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs): are used as-needed for immediate symptom relief.

Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs): are taken daily for long-term control.

Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium, tiotropium): Prevent the muscles from tightening.

Short-acting anticholinergics: provide quicker but shorter relief.

Long-acting anticholinergics (LAMAs): are used for daily maintenance therapy.
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS):

These anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. They are often added to treatment for patients who have frequent flare-ups, according to the American Lung Association.
Combination Medications:

Many inhalers combine two or three types of medication, such as a long-acting bronchodilator and a steroid, or two different bronchodilators.
Biologics:

New biologic medications can target specific types of inflammation, such as eosinophilic inflammation, which is present in some individuals with COPD.

Rescue Inhalers:

Short-acting bronchodilators are used to quickly relieve sudden shortness of breath.
Maintenance Therapy:

Long-acting bronchodilators or combination inhalers are used daily to prevent symptoms and reduce flare-ups.
Treatment for Flare-ups:

Inhaled or oral corticosteroids are often used to treat exacerbations (worsening of symptoms).

Inhaler Technique: Using inhalers the correct way is crucial to ensure the medication reaches the lungs effectively, notes a YouTube video from Health Information.
Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking is the most effective measure against COPD.

Sources:

Animated COPD Patient. (2014, August 15). Management and Treatment of COPD [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-ErVE--vjM